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51.
《能源学会志》2020,93(2):450-462
CHEMKIN software was used to optimize the reaction mechanism of sodium in flue gas to study the influence of targeted design for purely burning Zhundong (ZD) coal on boiler characteristics. Then, the optimized 32-step elemental reaction was combined with CFD software. An eddy-dissipation concept model considering detailed chemical reactions was used to simulate the transformation behavior of sodium-containing substances. The combustion characteristics of the 660 MW face-fired boiler under various loads were also simulated. The field distribution in the furnace and the migration path of sodium along the track of pulverized coal particles were obtained. The results show that the interference between each burner in the furnace is small at the BMCR load, and the phenomenon of “wind wrapping fire” is distinctly clear. The temperature at furnace outlet is approximately 970.98 °C. At a low load, the combustion in the furnace is stable, and the temperature at the furnace outlet reaches the design value. The sodium present in ZD coal is involved in the reaction after it is released in the form of Na and NaCl. Sodium is present in different forms in the main burner zone, mainly NaCl (67%), NaOH (12%), Na (9%), and Na2SO4 (7%). The forms of sodium at the furnace outlet are NaCl (50%), Na2SO4 (37%), Na2Cl2 (9%) and NaHSO4 (4%). A small amount of Na2SO4 is formed by NaHSO4 reaction in the main burner zone. It then reacts to form NaSO4, wherein NaHSO4 is formed by path 2. Na2SO4 is mainly generated in the burnout zone through path 1, and paths 2, 3, and 4 are hardly observed. The findings of this research can provide reference for the design of a purely fired ZD coal boiler and further studies on slagging observed on the heating surface. 相似文献
52.
以富含碱金属及碱土金属的准东煤和石油焦为原料,在热重反应器上分别进行了水蒸气及CO2条件下的共气化实验,探究了AAEM的赋存形态对其转化行为及燃料气化特性的影响规律.研究表明,准东煤与石油焦在水蒸气条件下的共气化反应速率明显快于CO2条件,来自煤中的AAEM促进了石油焦的气化.在CO2气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用存在较大差异,盐酸溶态的Ca起主要催化作用,并在气化过程中生成CaS.而在水蒸气气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用差异较小,气化过程中含Ca组分主要生成CaO. 相似文献
53.
54.
高速动车组转向架构架对高速动车组的运行品质、行车安全起到至关重要的作用。为向355 MPa级转向架构架用钢的工业试制提供指导,在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上进行了热模拟试验,结合热膨胀法和金相-硬度法,绘制了355 MPa级转向架构架用钢动态连续冷却转变曲线,研究了试验钢在连续冷却条件下的显微组织演变规律。结果表明,冷速小于1 ℃/s时,其组织主要为多边形铁素体和珠光体;冷速大于5 ℃/s时,贝氏体类组织快速增加;冷速达到50 ℃/s时,为板条贝氏体组织。因此,对于355 MPa级转向架构架用钢,冷速控制在1~5 ℃/s较为适宜,其组织主要由比例适中软硬性相结合的铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体构成,可以获得优良的强韧性匹配。 相似文献
55.
The simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties is desirable but challenging for soft-magnetic materials.A fabrication strategy to meet this requirement is therefore in high demand.Herein,bulk equiatomic dual-phase AlCoFeMnNi high-entropy alloys were fabricated via a magnetic levitation induction melting and casting process followed by annealing at 700-1000℃,and their microstructures as well as mechanical and magnetic properties were investigated.The as-cast alloy possessed a single metastable B2-ordered solid solution that decomposed upon annealing into a dual-phase structure comprising an Al-and Ni-rich body-centered cubic(BCC) matrix and Fe-and Mn-rich face-centered cubic(FCC)precipitates both in the grain interior and along the grain boundaries.The magnetic and mechanical properties were closely related to the relative volume fraction of FCC in the alloy.The FCC volume fraction could be increased by increasing the annealing temperature,thereby offering tunable properties.The optimal annealing temperature for balanced magnetic and mechanical properties was found to be 800℃.The alloy annealed at this temperature had an average BCC grain size of 12±3μm and FCC volume fraction of 41±4%.Correspondingly,the s aturation magnetization and coercivity reached 82.57 Am~2/kg and 433 A/m,respectively.The compressive yield strength and fracture strength were 1022 and 2539 MPa,respectively,and the plasticity was 33%.Owing to its adjustable microstructure and properties,the AlCoFeMnNi alloy has potential for use as a multi-functional soft-magnetic material. 相似文献
56.
This study is aimed at unveiling the influence of binary mixtures of nonspherical particles on hopper discharge behavior, which remains poorly understood. The discrete element method (DEM) is employed to simulate seven particle types with aspect ratios between 0 and 2 (namely, a sphere, two ellipsoids, two cylinders, and two cuboids) with the same volume. Seven monodisperse systems and twelve binary-shape mixtures are assessed. For the monodisperse systems, particle shape is the dominant factor dictating discharge rate, compared to other factors like aspect ratio, preferential orientation, and packing. Regarding the binary-shape mixtures, the discharge rates are similar for all twelve mixtures, reflecting a surprising lack of shape effects, which in turn means the negligible impact of solid volume fraction, aspect ratio, and segregation extent. Moreover, collision force is generally negatively correlated with discharge rate. 相似文献
57.
具有一定曲率外形的铝合金整体壁板属于典型的多筋零部件,传统弯曲成形工艺成形困难,容易产生多种缺陷。提出了离散填料辅助滚弯成形整体2A12T4铝合金壁板滚弯工艺,并通过实验与整体填料滚变成形进行了对比,同时采用有限元模拟技术,探究了离散填料辅助整体壁板滚弯成形中的影响因素。研究结果表明:填料数量、上下垫板厚度等因素对成形性能影响较大,填料在3~6块时成形稳定,可以有效地避免筋条屈曲与失稳;随垫板厚度增加,壁板表面圆弧更加光滑、连续,但是回弹性增强;上下垫板分别在10~20 mm厚度时,综合性能较好。通过离散填料辅助滚弯技术可以成形出质量较高的整体壁板。 相似文献
58.
The investigation of phase transformations in metastable ceramic systems such as zirconia often requires local phase analysis within the areas of interest. Electron backscatter diffraction is a suitable method in combination with focused ion beam sample preparation. The interaction between ion beam and sample has to be carefully considered. In case of metastable Y-PSZ and Mg-PSZ, phase transformations were observed after FIB preparation with 30?kV, 30?nA and 5° incidence angle. Damage was the dominating effect for angles of 72°. The expected local temperature increase due to the ion bombardment with 30?kV and 30?nA is 700?K for ZrO2. Thus, the observed phase transformations can be explained on the basis of the temperature increase in the corresponding Y-PSZ phase diagram. In case of Mg-PSZ, the transition temperature is 1083?°C. The local temperature increase was obviously lower. The excitation energy for the observed phase transformation was smaller than expected from the phase diagrams of the thermodynamic equilibrium. Using 5?kV, 4.8?nA and 5° incidence angle, no phase transformations and no damage were observed. Thus, these conditions are well suited for the FIB preparation of metastable zirconia. 相似文献
59.
Chao Chen Bo Feng Shujuan Hu Yue Zhang Song Li Longfei Gao Xuemei Zhang Kun Yu 《Ceramics International》2018,44(1):216-224
Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) is a promising oxidation-resistant and weak interface for ceramic-matrix composites. In this research, AlPO4 coating was deposited on mullite fibers by an improved liquid-phase method based on electrostatic attraction. A cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethylenimine (PEI), was used for surface modification of mullite fibers. The formation process, phase evolution and microstructure of the coating were studied. The zeta potential of AlPO4 particles, PEI-adsorbed AlPO4 particles, and PEI-adsorbed mullite particles was characterized to find the proper pH value for improving electrostatic attraction. The obtained AlPO4 coating was porous and continuous, whose thickness could be controlled by multiple coating cycles. The relatively low calcination temperature (600 or 1000 °C) was a useful heat treatment method to develop bonding between coating and fiber as well as reduce the fiber strength degradation. The phase transformations of AlPO4 have little volume change, and cristobalite AlPO4 is thermal compatible with mullite. Therefore, the coating structure was preserved after calcining at 1200 °C. The technique is also applicable for other fibers contained mullite phase to fabricate high-performance AlPO4 coated mullite/mullite composites. 相似文献
60.